| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Keith Michael Baker | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | | |
Keith Baker is the J. E. Wallace Sterling Professor in Humanities; a professor of history; and director of the France-Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at Stanford University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of London in 1964 and taught at Reed College and the University of Chicago before joining the Stanford faculty in 1988. At Stanford, he has served as Chair of the Department of History (1994-95), Director of the Stanford Humanites (1995-2000) and Cognizant Dean for the Humanities in the School of Humanities and Sciences. One of the world's foremost historians of 18th-century France, Dr. Baker also served for almost a decade as co-editor of the Journal of Modern History, the leading English-language quarterly for research in modern European history. Dr. Baker's own research has focused on problems of intellectual history and the history of political culture. He is the author of what is widely considered to be the definitive study of the Marquis de Condorcet, the philosopher of progress and social science who was one of the great figures of the French Enlightenment and Revolution. More recently, Dr. Baker has studied the cultural and political origins of the French Revolution and has made important contributions to the development of a new understanding of that event and of its significance for the creation of modern politics. Among his many honors and awards, he has held a Guggenheim Fellowship, has been named Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Academiques and is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. | |
| 2 | Name: | The Honorable Guido Calabresi | | | Institution: | U.S. Court of Appeals & Yale Law School | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1932 | | | | | | |
Guido Calabresi came to the United States in 1939 with his parents, who left Italy to escape Fascism. After a productive career as a scholar, he became Dean of the Yale Law School in 1985 and a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1994. A scholar with pronounced administrative abilities, he began teaching at Yale in 1959; he remains Sterling Professor of Law Emeritus and Professorial Lecturer in Law. Known as a true humanist, Judge Calabresi is recognized as one of the founding fathers of law and economics. His two most seminal contributions to the field are the application of economics to tort law and a legal interpretation of the Coase theorem. His major publications include The Costs of Accidents: A Legal and Economic Analysis (1970) and (with D. Melamed) Property Rules, Liability Rules and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral (1972). Judge Calabresi holds B.A. and M.A. degrees from Oxford University and B.S. and LL.B. degrees from Yale. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Robert E. Lucas | | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | Death Date: | May 15, 2023 | | | | | | |
Robert Lucas, who was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1995, has been the single most influential intellectual force in macroeconomic theory in the past 30 years. He has led a generation of macroeconomists into a new style of work: explicitly dynamic, insistent on a particular equilibrium concept, attentive to the influence of expectation but insistent also on a particular way of formulating expectations and processing information. Dr. Lucas earned his B.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Chicago and joined the faculty of his alma mater in 1975 after an 11-year stint at Carnegie Mellon University. Since 1980 he has held the univeristy's John Dewey Distinguished Service Professorship in Economics. | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. Robert L. Middlekauff | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | March 10, 2021 | | | | | | |
Robert L. Middlekauff was Preston Hotchkiss Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley. After earning his Ph.D. in history from Yale University in 1961, he became a member of Berkeley's faculty in 1962. In 1983 he became Director of the Huntington Library, Art Gallery, and Botanical Gardens. Dr. Middlekauff returned to the history department at Berkeley in 1988. Noted for his dedication to his students, he is the recipient of both the Berkeley Citation for Distinguished Achievement and Notable Service to the University (1983) and the Distinguished Teaching Award (1996). Dr. Middlekauff is in the first rank of historians of his generation. His studies of New England Puritan culture are a benchmark in a field that has reached a degree of sophistication above any other in American intellectual history. Major volumes by Dr. Middlekauff include The Mathers: Three Generations of Puritan Intellectuals, for which he received the 1972 Bancroft Prize, and Benjamin Franklin and His Enemies. He is also a frequent contributor of scholarly articles, chapters, and reviews in various journals and books. Robert Middlekauff was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1997. He died on March 10, 2021. | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. George L. Mosse | | | Institution: | University of Wisconsin, Madison; Hebrew University | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1918 | | | Death Date: | 1/22/99 | | | | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. Amartya Kumar Sen | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | | | | |
Amartya Sen is Lamont University Professor at Harvard University and was until recently the Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1998 he received the Nobel Prize in Economics for his "contributions to welfare economics." Educated at Presidency College in Calcutta and at Trinity College, Dr. Sen served as Professor of Economics at Delhi University and at the London School of Economics as well as Drummond Professor of Political Economy at Oxford University. He is past president of the Econometric Society, the Indian Economic Association, the American Economic Association and the International Economic Association. He is also a former president of OXFAM and continues to serve as its Honorary Advisory. Professor Sen's work ranges over a number of fields in economics, philosophy, and decision theory, including social choice theory, welfare economics, theory of measurement, development economics, moral and political philosophy, and the economics of peace and war. Amartya Sen's books include Collective Choice and Social Welfare (1970), On Economic Inequality (1973, 1997), Poverty and Famines (1981), Choice, Welfare and Measurement (1982), Resources, Values and Development (1984), On Ethics and Economics (1987), The Standard of Living (1987) Inequality Reexamined (1992), and Development as Freedom (1999). Rationality and Freedom (2004) was followed by a companion volume, Freedom and Justice. In 2009, he published The Idea of Justice, in 2013 An Uncertain Glory, and in 2016 The Country of the First Boys. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Professor Sen's work has been recognized with the "Bharat Ratna" (the highest honor awarded by the President of India), the Edinburgh Medal, the Eisenhower Medal, the National Humanities Medal (2011), the inaugural John Maynard Keynes Prize (2015), and the Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science (2017). Amartya Sen was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1997. | |
| 7 | Name: | Professor Quentin Skinner | | | Institution: | University of London | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1940 | | | | | | |
Quentin Skinner was Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge University from 1996 to 2008. He is now Barber Beaumont Professor of the Humanities at Queen Mary, University of London. One of the most innovative as well as influential students of political thought in the history of the West now writing, he spent the years 1974-79 at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, and is a valuable representative of the English and European scholarly communities. Dr. Skinner's historical writings have long been characterised by an interest in recovering the ideas of Renaissance republican authors. With John Pocock he is regarded as one of the two principal members of the influential "Cambridge School" of the study of the history of political thought. Dr. Skinner's particular contribution was to articulate a theory of interpretation which concentrated on recovering the author's intentions in writing classic works of political theory. Of continuing interest have been the works of Machiavelli, Thomas More and Thomas Hobbes. Dr. Skinner received his M.A. from Cambridge in 1962 and has served the university ever since as a lecturer and professor. He is a member of the British Academy and the American Academy of Arts & and Sciences and the recipient of the Wolfson Literary Award (1979). His publications include Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vol., 1978); Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes (1996); Liberty Before Liberalism (1998); and Hobbes and Republican Liberty (2008). | |
| 8 | Name: | Dr. Joseph E. Stiglitz | | | Institution: | Columbia University | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | | | | |
Joseph E. Stiglitz was born in Gary, Indiana in 1943. A graduate of Amherst College, he received his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1967, became a full professor at Yale University in 1970, and in 1979 was awarded the John Bates Clark Award, given biennially by the American Economic Association to the economist under 40 who has made the most significant contribution to the field. He has also taught at Princeton University, Stanford University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was the Drummond Professor and a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. He is now University Professor at Columbia University and Chair of Columbia University's Committee on Global Thought. In 2001, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for his analyses of markets with asymmetric information. Dr. Stiglitz has been credited with helping create "The Economics of Information," a new branch of economics exploring the consequences of information asymmetries and pioneering such pivotal concepts as adverse selection and moral hazard, which have now become standard tools not only of theorists, but of policy analysts. He has made major contributions to macro-economics and monetary theory, to development economics and trade theory, to public and corporate finance, to the theories of industrial organization and rural organization, and to the theories of welfare economics and of income and wealth distribution. In the 1980s, he helped revive interest in the economics of research and development. His work has helped explain the circumstances in which markets do not work well and how selective government intervention can improve their performance. Recognized around the world as a leading economic educator, he has written textbooks that have been translated into more than a dozen languages. He founded one of the leading economics journals, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, and his book Globalization and Its Discontents (2001) has been translated into 35 languages and has sold more than one million copies worldwide. Other recent books include Freefall: America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy; The Roaring Nineties; (with Bruce Greenwald) Towards a New Paradigm in Monetary Economics; (with Andrew Charlton) Fair Trade for All; Making Globalization Work (2006); and The Price of Inequality (2012); People, Power, and Profits: Progressive Capitalism for an Age of Discontent (2019). Dr. Stiglitz was a member of the Council of Economic Advisers from 1993-95, during the Clinton administration, and served as CEA chairman from 1995-97. He then became Chief Economist and Senior Vice-President of the World Bank from 1997-2000. He also holds a part-time appointment at the University of Manchester as Chair of the Management Board and Director of Graduate Summer Programs at the Brooks World Poverty Institute. In 2018 he was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize. | |
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